PLP 315 Principles of Plant Pathology
PLP 315 Principles of Plant Pathology
Credit: Theory 3 + Practical 1.5
Offering Term: Summer, For Third Year students
A. Theory
- Introduction to Principles of Plant Pathology: Some historical and present examples of losses caused by plant diseases, plant diseases and world crop production.
- Pathogenesis: Parasitism and pathogenicity, the chain of events in disease development; Disease cycle; Role of toxins in disease development; Effect of pathogens on plant physiology.
- Ecology, survival and mode of spread of plant pathogens- fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes.
- Epidemiology of plant disease and disease triangle; Factors of epiphytotic development of plant diseases; Inoculum potential and Disease potential; Disease severity.
- Introduction to Molecular Plant Pathology.
- Disease surveillance, assessment of disease intensity, disease forecasting and yield loss assessment.
- Principles of plant disease management: Exclusion, eradication, protection, legislative, immunization and resistance.
- Quarantine: Domestic, international, embargo and phytosanitary certificate. Eradication- Eradicants, physical, chemical and cultural methods of eradication.
- Protection: Cultural, biological and chemical; classification of fungicides- protectants, eradicate, therapeutics; copper, sulfur, mercury, heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds, systemic fungicides and antibiotics; characteristics of ideal fungicides; formulation of fungicides; methods of application of fungicides- seed, soil and foliar applications, special methods; compatibility with other pesticides; phytotoxicity of fungicides, the shelf life of fungicides; precautions and safety measures during handling fungicides.
- Host resistance: Type of resistance- vertical and horizontal resistance; Variation in plant pathogens, genetics of host parasitic interaction, mechanisms of resistance, mechanical and chemical, pre-infectional and post-infectional defence mechanism.
- Biological control of plant diseases: Antagonistic fungi, bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, bacteriophages, plant products and antiviral principles.
- Biotechnological approaches to control plant diseases: Production of virus-free plants by meristem culture, somaclonal variation. Genetic engineering- plant clinic, organization and their role in disease management.
- Integrated approach to control crop diseases.
B. Practical:
- Inoculation techniques of fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes
- The practice of Koch’s Postulate
- Formulation of fungicides, calculation of dosage and preparation of fungicidal suspensions.
- Appliances for application of fungicides and nematicides.
- Demonstration of methods of application of fungicides- seed treatments, soil and foliar application, laboratory and field evaluation of fungicides.
- Multiplication and application of biocontrol agents for disease control.
- Study of phytotoxicity.
- Visit Plant Quarantine Station
- Each of the students is required to submit a comprehensive report on the prepared herbarium, spray experiment and field excursion.
Selected references:
- A. Mishra, A. Bohra and A. Mishra, 2005. Plant Pathology- Diseases and Management. Agrobios, India.
- E.C. Stakman, and J.G. Harrer, 1957. Principles of Plant Pathology. The Ronald Press Company, New York, USA.
- G.N. Agrios, 2004. Plant Pathology. 4th Edition. Academic Press, New York, USA.
- G.P. Gupta, 2004. Text Book of Plant Diseases. Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
- K.M. Chadniwala, 2003. Bacterial Diseases in Plants. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
- Karl Maramorosch, 2000. Viruses, Vectors and Vegetation. Academic Press.
- R. S. Singh, 2002. Introduction to Principles of Plant Pathology. 4th Edition. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
- R.S. Mehrotra and A. Aggarwal, 2004. Plant Pathology. 2nd Edition. Tara McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
- R.S. Singh. 2003. Plant Diseases. 7th Edition. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
- S.I. Hussain and T. A. Khan, 1988. Nematode Diseases of Plant. A Falcon Book from Cosmo Publishing. New Delhi, India.
- Y.L. Nene, and P.N. Thapliyal, 2002. Fungicides in Plant Disease Control. 3rd Edition. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
- R.N. Trigiano, M.T. Windham and A.S. Windham (eds.), 2004. Plant Pathology- Concepts and Laboratory Exercises. CRC Press, New York, USA.
- K.R. Aneja, 2005. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology. 4th Edition. New Age International Publishers, New Delhi, India.
- S. Sundara Rajan. 2000. Practical Manual of Fungi. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, India.
Lecture Notes (Theory):
1 Principles of Plant Pathology
2-3 General Terminologies of Plant Pathology
5-6 Plant Disease Epidemiology
8-9 Survival and Dispersal of Plant Pathogens
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13-14 Role of toxins in disease development
15 Effect of Pathogens on Plant Physiology
16 Defence Mechanism in Plants
17 Introduction to Molecular Plant Pathology
18-19 General Principles of plant disease management
20 Plant Quarantine and Inspection
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22-24 Plant Disease Management and Control
30 Application of biotechnology in plant disease management
31-32 Host plant resistance.docx
33 Integrated Plant Disease Management (IDM)
Lecture Notes (Practical):